Romania Economy

Europe & Central Asia · High income · Capital: Bucharest

Updated 17 Oct 2026

GDP Annual Growth Rate in Romania decreased to 0.68 percent in 2025 from 0.92 percent in 2024. Inflation Rate in Romania decreased to 6.17 percent in Aug 2026 from 8.16 percent in Jul 2026.

GDP Growth
0.7%
▼ −0.2 pp 2025 · World Bank
Inflation Rate
6.2%
▼ −2.0 pp Aug 2026 · BIS
Interest Rate
6.50%
■ 0.00 pp Sep 2026 · BIS
Unemployment
6.4%
■ 0.0 pp Aug 2026 · OECD

GDP Growth Rate

Real GDP, annual % change. Hatched bars are IMF projections.

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Inflation vs Interest Rate

Monthly data, %. Source: BIS.

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Key Highlights

  • Real GDP grew 0.7% in 2025 (previous year: 0.9%).
  • Consumer price inflation was 6.2% in Aug 2026, compared with 8.2% in the previous period.
  • The central bank policy rate stood at 6.50% at the end of Sep 2026 (previous: 6.50%).
  • The unemployment rate was 6.4% in Aug 2026 (previous: 6.4%).
  • General government debt was 60.4% of GDP in 2025.
  • The IMF projects real GDP growth of -0.5% for 2026 (World Economic Outlook projection).

Main Indicators

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
GDP Annual Growth Rate0.7%0.9%2025World Bank
Interest Rate6.50%6.50%Sep 2026BIS
Inflation Rate6.2%8.2%Aug 2026BIS
Unemployment Rate6.4%6.4%Aug 2026OECD
Government Debt to GDP60.4%57.5%2025IMF
Balance of Trade-$22.5B-$23.0B2025World Bank
Current Account to GDP-7.9%-8.2%2025World Bank
GDP$428.7B$382.6B2025World Bank

GDP

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
GDP per Capita$22,538$20,0802025World Bank
GDP per Capita PPP$50,895$49,0772025World Bank
Gross National Income$417.4B$373.6B2025World Bank
GDP from Agriculture3.0%2.8%2025World Bank
GDP from Industry25.3%25.3%2025World Bank
GDP from Manufacturing11.8%13.2%2025World Bank
GDP from Services61.7%62.6%2025World Bank
Gross Fixed Capital Formation25.6%25.3%2025World Bank
Household Consumption to GDP62.0%62.5%2025World Bank

Labour

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Youth Unemployment Rate24.5%23.6%2025World Bank
Labour Force Participation Rate51.3%51.5%2025World Bank
Employment Rate48.3%48.7%2025World Bank
Population19.02M19.05M2025World Bank

Prices

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
GDP Deflator Growth8.2%9.6%2025World Bank

Money

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Lending Rate8.52%8.76%2025World Bank
Deposit Interest Rate5.23%5.53%2025World Bank
Broad Money Growth7.2%11.3%2025World Bank
Foreign Exchange Reserves$90.6B$73.4B2025World Bank
Government Bond 10Y Yield6.43%6.09%Aug 2026OECD
Interbank Rate5.87%5.84%Sep 2026OECD

Trade

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Current Account-$33.9B-$31.2B2025World Bank
Exports$152.1B$136.2B2025World Bank
Imports$174.6B$159.2B2025World Bank
Foreign Direct Investment$9.37B$7.16B2025World Bank
Remittances$10.65B$9.53B2025World Bank
Terms of Trade93.193.02024World Bank
Tourist Arrivals5.02M12.82M2020World Bank
Tourism Revenues$1.61B$4.24B2020World Bank

Government

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Government Budget-7.6%-8.7%2025IMF
Government Revenues to GDP31.3%31.0%2024IMF
Government Spending to GDP39.9%36.6%2024IMF
Tax Revenue to GDP16.2%15.7%2024World Bank
Military Expenditure2.28%2.17%2025World Bank

Business

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Industrial Production-6.2%-5.1%Jul 2026OECD
Business Confidence99.6199.63Sep 2026OECD

Consumer

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Retail Sales YoY-6.0%-7.4%Jul 2026OECD

Housing

IndicatorLastPreviousPeriodTrendSource
Residential Property Prices7.4%7.0%Q1 2026BIS

Romania economy explained in simple words

Size of the economy

The economy of Romania produced goods and services worth $428.7B in 2025, making it the 38th largest of 214 economies with data.

With a population of about 19.0 million, GDP per person is $22,538. The World Bank classifies Romania as a “high income” economy.

Economic growth

Real GDP grew 0.7% in 2025, compared with world growth of 3.5% (IMF).

Over the last 10 years growth averaged 3.0% a year, ranging from -3.6% to 8.2%.

The IMF projects growth of -0.5% in 2026.

Prices and interest rates

Consumer price inflation was 6.2% in Aug 2026.

The central bank policy rate was 6.50% at the end of Sep 2026.

The difference between the two — the real interest rate — is about 0.33%.

Jobs

The unemployment rate was 6.4% in Aug 2026 (world: 4.8%).

About 51.3% of people aged 15 and over are in the labour force (working or looking for work).

Government finances

General government debt was 60.4% of GDP in 2025, compared with a median of 52.9% across 191 economies.

The government budget balance was -7.6% of GDP (2025) — a deficit, meaning spending exceeded revenue.

Trade and external position

The current account was -7.9% of GDP in 2025 — a deficit with the rest of the world.

Exports of goods and services were $152.1B and imports $174.6B.

Foreign exchange reserves (including gold) stood at $90.6B.

Structure of the economy

By sector, value added is split roughly as: services 61.7%, industry 25.3%, agriculture 3.0% of GDP.

How to read this page

The four boxes at the top show the most-watched numbers: GDP growth (how fast the economy is expanding), inflation (how fast prices are rising), the central bank policy rate (the base cost of borrowing) and unemployment (the share of job-seekers without work). The small arrow shows the change from the previous reading.

The tabs group all available indicators by topic — GDP, labour, prices, money, trade, government and housing. Each row shows the latest value, the previous value, the period it refers to, a small trend line and the source. Click any indicator to open its full history, chart, statistics and comparison with other countries.

Monthly and quarterly figures come from national statistics offices and central banks — via the OECD, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and, for India, the Ministry of Statistics (MoSPI); annual figures come from the World Bank and the IMF. Different indicators are published at different times, so the periods shown can differ.

Frequently asked questions

What is the GDP growth rate of Romania?
The latest GDP growth rate of Romania is 0.7% (2025), compared with 0.9% in the previous period. Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators.
What is the inflation rate of Romania?
The latest inflation rate of Romania is 6.2% (Aug 2026), compared with 8.2% in the previous period. Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
What is the interest rate of Romania?
The latest interest rate of Romania is 6.50% (Sep 2026), compared with 6.50% in the previous period. Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
What is the unemployment rate of Romania?
The latest unemployment rate of Romania is 6.4% (Aug 2026), compared with 6.4% in the previous period. Source: OECD — Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
What is the government debt to GDP ratio of Romania?
The latest government debt to GDP ratio of Romania is 60.4% (2025), compared with 57.5% in the previous period. Source: IMF — World Economic Outlook.

Data are sourced from official international organisations (IMF, World Bank, BIS) and national authorities, and are shown for educational and informational purposes only. They are not investment advice and no recommendation is made. Figures may be revised by the source; IMF figures for the current and future years are projections. This page was last updated on Saturday, October 17, 2026.