Economic Indicators

54 indicators across growth, prices, labour, money, trade, government finance and housing. Select an indicator to compare every country.

Main

GDP Annual Growth RateYear-on-year change in real (inflation-adjusted) gross domestic product.percent · 217 economiesInterest RateCentral bank policy rate — the main rate a central bank uses to steer monetary conditions.percent · 49 economiesInflation RateYear-on-year change in the consumer price index (CPI).percent · 203 economiesUnemployment RateShare of the labour force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.percent · 195 economiesGovernment Debt to GDPGeneral government gross debt as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 195 economiesBalance of TradeExports minus imports of goods and services.US$ billion · 194 economiesCurrent Account to GDPCurrent account balance (trade, income and transfers) as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 206 economiesGDPGross domestic product at current prices, in US dollars.US$ billion · 217 economies

GDP

GDP per CapitaGDP divided by mid-year population, current US dollars.US$ · 217 economiesGDP per Capita PPPGDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity, current international dollars.international $ (PPP) · 207 economiesGross National IncomeGDP plus net income received from abroad, current US dollars.US$ billion · 212 economiesGDP from AgricultureAgriculture, forestry and fishing value added as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 209 economiesGDP from IndustryIndustry (including construction) value added as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 211 economiesGDP from ManufacturingManufacturing value added as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 207 economiesGDP from ServicesServices value added as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 208 economiesGross Fixed Capital FormationInvestment in fixed assets (machinery, buildings, infrastructure) as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 184 economiesHousehold Consumption to GDPHousehold final consumption expenditure as a share of GDP.percent of GDP · 193 economiesGDP Growth RateQuarter-on-quarter change in real (inflation-adjusted) GDP, seasonally adjusted.percent · 48 economies

Labour

Youth Unemployment RateUnemployment rate for people aged 15-24.percent · 190 economiesLabour Force Participation RateShare of the population aged 15+ that is economically active.percent · 190 economiesEmployment RateEmployment to population ratio, ages 15+.percent · 190 economiesPopulationTotal mid-year population.million · 220 economies

Prices

GDP Deflator GrowthAnnual change in the GDP implicit price deflator — a broad measure of price change across the economy.percent · 216 economiesCore Inflation RateYear-on-year change in consumer prices excluding food and energy.percent · 43 economiesInflation Rate MoMMonth-on-month change in the consumer price index.percent · 49 economiesWholesale InflationYear-on-year change in the wholesale price index (WPI): prices of goods at the first point of bulk sale.percent · 1 economiesFood InflationYear-on-year change in consumer prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages.percent · 48 economies

Money

Lending RateAverage bank lending rate to the private sector.percent · 148 economiesDeposit Interest RateAverage rate paid by banks on deposits.percent · 152 economiesBroad Money GrowthAnnual growth of broad money (M2/M3 equivalent).percent · 166 economiesForeign Exchange ReservesTotal reserves including gold, current US dollars.US$ billion · 183 economiesPrivate Debt to GDPCredit to the private non-financial sector (households and companies) as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 44 economiesGovernment Bond 10Y YieldLong-term interest rate: yield on 10-year government bonds, monthly average.percent · 47 economiesInterbank RateShort-term (usually 3-month) interbank interest rate, monthly average.percent · 46 economies

Trade

Current AccountCurrent account balance, current US dollars.US$ billion · 201 economiesExportsExports of goods and services, current US dollars.US$ billion · 197 economiesImportsImports of goods and services, current US dollars.US$ billion · 197 economiesForeign Direct InvestmentNet inflows of foreign direct investment, current US dollars.US$ billion · 208 economiesExternal DebtTotal external debt stocks, current US dollars (low and middle income economies).US$ billion · 121 economiesRemittancesPersonal remittances received, current US dollars.US$ billion · 201 economiesTerms of TradeNet barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100).index points · 207 economiesTourist ArrivalsInternational inbound tourist arrivals.million · 206 economiesTourism RevenuesInternational tourism receipts, current US dollars.US$ billion · 206 economies

Government

Government BudgetGeneral government net lending (+) / borrowing (-) as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 197 economiesGovernment Revenues to GDPGeneral government revenue as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 151 economiesGovernment Spending to GDPGeneral government expenditure as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 151 economiesTax Revenue to GDPCentral government tax revenue as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 164 economiesMilitary ExpenditureMilitary expenditure as a percentage of GDP.percent of GDP · 169 economies

Business

Industrial ProductionYear-on-year change in the volume of industrial output (mining, manufacturing, utilities).percent · 43 economiesComposite Leading IndicatorOECD composite leading indicator, designed to anticipate turning points in economic activity (long-term average = 100).index points · 17 economiesBusiness ConfidenceOECD standardised business confidence indicator (long-term average = 100).index points · 48 economies

Consumer

Retail Sales YoYYear-on-year change in the volume of retail trade.percent · 42 economiesConsumer ConfidenceOECD standardised consumer confidence indicator (long-term average = 100).index points · 44 economies

Housing

Residential Property PricesYear-on-year change in nominal residential property prices.percent · 59 economies

The indicator categories explained

Main

The handful of numbers most closely followed by markets: growth, inflation, interest rates, unemployment, debt, trade and the current account.

GDP

The size and structure of the economy — total output, output per person and which sectors (agriculture, industry, services) produce it.

Labour

Jobs and the workforce — unemployment, youth unemployment, participation and population.

Prices

How fast prices are changing across the economy.

Money

Interest rates charged and paid by banks, money supply growth, foreign exchange reserves and private-sector debt.

Trade

Exports, imports, the current account, foreign investment, external debt, remittances and tourism.

Government

Public finances — budget balance, revenue, spending, taxes and military spending.

Business

Industrial production, business confidence and the OECD composite leading indicator — early signals of where the economy is heading.

Consumer

Retail sales and consumer confidence — how much households are spending and how they feel about the economy.

Housing

Changes in residential property prices.

Economic indicators explained — a beginner’s guide

What are economic indicators?

Economic indicators are numbers that describe how an economy is doing — how much it produces (GDP), how fast prices are rising (inflation), how many people have jobs (unemployment), what borrowing costs are (interest rates) and how much the government owes (debt). Governments, central banks, businesses and investors use them to understand the present and plan for the future.

Why do markets react to them?

Share prices, bond yields and currencies depend on expected company profits and interest rates. When a new inflation or GDP figure is very different from what people expected, expectations about interest rates and profits change — and prices adjust. That is why release days often see larger market moves.

Leading, coincident and lagging indicators

Leading indicators (such as business confidence or building permits) tend to turn before the economy does. Coincident indicators (such as GDP and industrial production) move with it. Lagging indicators (such as unemployment) change after the economy has already turned.

How to read the numbers on this site

Each value shows the period it refers to (for example “Jul 2026” or “2025”) and its source. “YoY” means compared with the same period a year earlier. “pp” (percentage points) is the simple difference between two percentages — inflation moving from 4.0% to 4.4% is a rise of 0.4 pp. Dashed lines and hatched bars are IMF projections, not actual data.

Annual vs monthly data

Some indicators (inflation, policy rates) are published every month; others (GDP shares, debt, population) only once a year. Monthly data shows turning points sooner, while annual data is better for long-term comparisons between countries.

Frequently asked questions

What are economic indicators?
Economic indicators are statistics that describe the state of an economy — output (GDP), prices (inflation), jobs (unemployment), money and credit, trade and public finances. Investors, businesses and policymakers use them to understand where an economy stands and how it is changing.
What is the difference between leading and lagging indicators?
Leading indicators (such as business confidence or building permits) tend to change before the economy as a whole; lagging indicators (such as unemployment) tend to change after. Most indicators on this page are coincident or lagging official statistics.

Data are sourced from official international organisations (IMF, World Bank, BIS) and national authorities, and are shown for educational and informational purposes only. They are not investment advice and no recommendation is made. Figures may be revised by the source; IMF figures for the current and future years are projections. This page was last updated on Saturday, October 17, 2026.