Government Debt to GDP by Country
General government gross debt as a percentage of GDP. Latest values for 195 economies.
Among 192 countries, Eritrea has the highest government debt to gdp at 260.4% and Macao the lowest at 0.0% (latest available readings).
Government Debt to GDP by Region
Latest available reading (periods may differ by country). Choose a region or “All countries”.
Government Debt to GDP — All Countries
Sorted by latest value. Click headers to re-sort.
| # | Country | Last | Previous | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Eritrea | 260.4% | 267.1% | 2019 |
| 2 | Japan | 204.8% | 213.6% | 2025 |
| 3 | Sudan | 204.4% | 282.3% | 2025 |
| 4 | Singapore | 165.7% | 165.8% | 2025 |
| 5 | Libya | 153.8% | 115.3% | 2025 |
| 6 | Greece | 146.6% | 155.4% | 2025 |
| 7 | Bahrain | 144.3% | 133.7% | 2025 |
| 8 | Lebanon | 139.4% | 152.0% | 2025 |
| 9 | Italy | 137.1% | 134.7% | 2025 |
| 10 | Maldives | 129.4% | 133.4% | 2025 |
| 11 | Senegal | 127.7% | 136.1% | 2025 |
| 12 | United States | 124.4% | 122.3% | 2025 |
| 13 | France | 115.5% | 112.6% | 2025 |
| 14 | Cape Verde | 115.4% | 127.1% | 2025 |
| 15 | Canada | 113.6% | 110.0% | 2025 |
| 16 | Belgium | 107.9% | 103.9% | 2025 |
| 17 | St Vincent and the Grenadines | 107.7% | 102.8% | 2025 |
| 18 | Ukraine | 107.1% | 89.7% | 2025 |
| 19 | Bhutan | 102.6% | 108.7% | 2025 |
| 20 | United Kingdom | 102.1% | 99.4% | 2025 |
| 21 | Zambia | 100.6% | 125.5% | 2025 |
| 22 | Spain | 100.5% | 101.4% | 2025 |
| 23 | Republic of the Congo | 100.4% | 93.8% | 2025 |
| 24 | Dominica | 99.9% | 108.2% | 2025 |
| 25 | China | 98.6% | 90.5% | 2025 |
| 26 | Suriname | 96.9% | 84.0% | 2025 |
| 27 | Sri Lanka | 96.8% | 100.2% | 2025 |
| 28 | Malawi | 96.6% | 86.5% | 2025 |
| 29 | Barbados | 96.2% | 98.9% | 2025 |
| 30 | 🌐World | 94.0% | 91.9% | 2025 |
| 31 | Brazil | 93.3% | 87.0% | 2025 |
| 32 | Mozambique | 90.3% | 91.2% | 2025 |
| 33 | Portugal | 89.7% | 93.5% | 2025 |
| 34 | Laos | 88.8% | 99.2% | 2025 |
| 35 | Finland | 88.4% | 82.5% | 2025 |
| 36 | El Salvador | 87.6% | 87.7% | 2025 |
| 37 | Euro Area | 87.3% | 86.3% | 2025 |
| 38 | Egypt | 86.8% | 90.9% | 2025 |
| 39 | Mauritius | 86.8% | 86.3% | 2025 |
| 40 | India | 84.3% | 84.8% | 2025 |
| 41 | Gabon | 84.2% | 70.9% | 2025 |
| 42 | Trinidad and Tobago | 84.0% | 81.0% | 2025 |
| 43 | Jordan | 83.6% | 82.1% | 2025 |
| 44 | Bolivia | 83.3% | 83.2% | 2025 |
| 45 | European Union | 82.6% | 81.6% | 2025 |
| 46 | Tunisia | 81.7% | 85.6% | 2025 |
| 47 | Austria | 81.4% | 80.0% | 2025 |
| 48 | Argentina | 80.1% | 84.6% | 2025 |
| 49 | South Africa | 78.4% | 76.0% | 2025 |
| 50 | Fiji | 77.1% | 78.8% | 2025 |
| 51 | St Lucia | 76.8% | 75.9% | 2025 |
| 52 | Guinea-Bissau | 75.1% | 82.4% | 2025 |
| 53 | Hungary | 74.6% | 73.5% | 2025 |
| 54 | Gambia | 73.7% | 75.9% | 2025 |
| 55 | Pakistan | 72.8% | 70.3% | 2025 |
| 56 | Bahamas | 71.7% | 73.0% | 2025 |
| 57 | Kenya | 71.3% | 67.3% | 2025 |
| 58 | Malaysia | 70.5% | 69.8% | 2025 |
| 59 | Antigua and Barbuda | 70.2% | 71.6% | 2025 |
| 60 | Grenada | 69.4% | 72.8% | 2025 |
| 61 | Israel | 67.9% | 67.7% | 2025 |
| 62 | Namibia | 67.5% | 68.5% | 2025 |
| 63 | Belize | 66.9% | 64.3% | 2025 |
| 64 | Morocco | 66.6% | 67.0% | 2025 |
| 65 | Jamaica | 66.0% | 62.5% | 2025 |
| 66 | Uruguay | 65.6% | 67.6% | 2025 |
| 67 | Slovenia | 65.1% | 66.3% | 2025 |
| 68 | Togo | 64.9% | 66.2% | 2025 |
| 69 | Aruba | 64.8% | 72.5% | 2025 |
| 70 | Rwanda | 64.7% | 63.4% | 2025 |
| 71 | Thailand | 64.7% | 62.9% | 2025 |
| 72 | South Sudan | 64.2% | 53.7% | 2025 |
| 73 | Montenegro | 63.5% | 59.8% | 2025 |
| 74 | Germany | 62.7% | 61.4% | 2025 |
| 75 | Mexico | 61.7% | 59.0% | 2025 |
| 76 | Slovakia | 61.4% | 59.7% | 2025 |
| 77 | Costa Rica | 60.4% | 58.9% | 2025 |
| 78 | Romania | 60.4% | 57.5% | 2025 |
| 79 | Colombia | 59.9% | 61.0% | 2025 |
| 80 | San Marino | 59.8% | 63.8% | 2025 |
| 81 | Poland | 59.7% | 54.8% | 2025 |
| 82 | Benin | 59.3% | 60.5% | 2025 |
| 83 | Philippines | 59.1% | 56.6% | 2025 |
| 84 | Sao Tome and Principe | 59.1% | 69.0% | 2025 |
| 85 | Dominican Republic | 59.0% | 58.8% | 2025 |
| 86 | St Kitts and Nevis | 58.7% | 58.1% | 2025 |
| 87 | Ivory Coast | 57.1% | 59.5% | 2025 |
| 88 | Iceland | 56.7% | 60.5% | 2025 |
| 89 | Panama | 56.6% | 57.8% | 2025 |
| 90 | Croatia | 56.3% | 57.4% | 2025 |
| 91 | Liberia | 55.1% | 56.4% | 2025 |
| 92 | Cyprus | 55.0% | 62.8% | 2025 |
| 93 | New Zealand | 54.7% | 51.4% | 2025 |
| 94 | Ecuador | 54.5% | 54.1% | 2025 |
| 95 | Norway | 54.0% | 52.8% | 2025 |
| 96 | Albania | 53.8% | 54.5% | 2025 |
| 97 | Burkina Faso | 53.2% | 57.2% | 2025 |
| 98 | Uganda | 53.2% | 51.8% | 2025 |
| 99 | Angola | 52.9% | 55.0% | 2025 |
| 100 | Iraq | 52.8% | 45.7% | 2025 |
| 101 | Palau | 52.8% | 60.1% | 2025 |
| 102 | North Macedonia | 52.6% | 54.0% | 2025 |
| 103 | South Korea | 52.4% | 49.6% | 2025 |
| 104 | Algeria | 52.1% | 48.1% | 2025 |
| 105 | Australia | 51.9% | 50.9% | 2025 |
| 106 | Myanmar | 51.9% | 50.7% | 2025 |
| 107 | Papua New Guinea | 51.6% | 53.3% | 2025 |
| 108 | Sierra Leone | 51.4% | 47.0% | 2025 |
| 109 | Seychelles | 51.2% | 56.3% | 2025 |
| 110 | Tanzania | 49.8% | 50.0% | 2025 |
| 111 | Lesotho | 49.4% | 52.5% | 2025 |
| 112 | Ghana | 48.8% | 70.1% | 2025 |
| 113 | Madagascar | 47.7% | 49.8% | 2025 |
| 114 | Nepal | 47.4% | 47.9% | 2025 |
| 115 | Armenia | 46.9% | 48.0% | 2025 |
| 116 | Latvia | 46.9% | 46.2% | 2025 |
| 117 | Malta | 46.2% | 46.0% | 2025 |
| 118 | Niger | 45.5% | 48.1% | 2025 |
| 119 | Mongolia | 45.0% | 44.1% | 2025 |
| 120 | Eswatini | 44.8% | 40.0% | 2025 |
| 121 | Netherlands | 44.7% | 44.0% | 2025 |
| 122 | Czech Republic | 44.2% | 43.2% | 2025 |
| 123 | Ethiopia | 43.3% | 33.5% | 2025 |
| 124 | Central African Republic | 42.6% | 41.6% | 2025 |
| 125 | Qatar | 42.5% | 41.4% | 2025 |
| 126 | Serbia | 42.2% | 44.1% | 2025 |
| 127 | Bangladesh | 42.0% | 41.0% | 2025 |
| 128 | Burundi | 42.0% | 53.8% | 2025 |
| 129 | Chile | 41.5% | 41.8% | 2025 |
| 130 | Indonesia | 40.9% | 40.2% | 2025 |
| 131 | Cameroon | 40.5% | 43.4% | 2025 |
| 132 | Mauritania | 40.4% | 45.2% | 2025 |
| 133 | Honduras | 40.3% | 42.2% | 2025 |
| 134 | Mali | 40.3% | 44.0% | 2025 |
| 135 | Switzerland | 40.1% | 40.4% | 2025 |
| 136 | Lithuania | 39.5% | 38.0% | 2025 |
| 137 | Kyrgyzstan | 39.4% | 36.2% | 2025 |
| 138 | Moldova | 39.2% | 38.8% | 2025 |
| 139 | Paraguay | 38.2% | 44.6% | 2025 |
| 140 | Zimbabwe | 38.0% | 70.4% | 2025 |
| 141 | Guinea | 36.3% | 32.0% | 2025 |
| 142 | Vanuatu | 36.2% | 39.1% | 2025 |
| 143 | Nigeria | 36.1% | 39.3% | 2025 |
| 144 | Iran | 35.6% | 31.2% | 2025 |
| 145 | Equatorial Guinea | 35.4% | 35.0% | 2025 |
| 146 | Ireland | 34.8% | 38.4% | 2025 |
| 147 | Oman | 34.7% | 35.5% | 2025 |
| 148 | Nicaragua | 34.6% | 37.9% | 2025 |
| 149 | Sweden | 34.5% | 33.9% | 2025 |
| 150 | Georgia | 34.3% | 35.5% | 2025 |
| 151 | Botswana | 34.0% | 30.5% | 2025 |
| 152 | United Arab Emirates | 33.9% | 33.2% | 2025 |
| 153 | Chad | 33.3% | 31.4% | 2025 |
| 154 | Saudi Arabia | 31.8% | 25.9% | 2025 |
| 155 | Belarus | 31.3% | 38.7% | 2025 |
| 156 | Djibouti | 31.3% | 34.0% | 2025 |
| 157 | Comoros | 30.5% | 31.9% | 2025 |
| 158 | Vietnam | 30.5% | 31.2% | 2025 |
| 159 | Andorra | 30.3% | 32.9% | 2025 |
| 160 | Peru | 30.1% | 32.1% | 2025 |
| 161 | Syria | 30.0% | 31.2% | 2010 |
| 162 | Bulgaria | 29.9% | 23.8% | 2025 |
| 163 | Solomon Islands | 29.6% | 26.6% | 2025 |
| 164 | Guyana | 28.9% | 24.3% | 2025 |
| 165 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 28.8% | 28.9% | 2025 |
| 166 | Uzbekistan | 28.6% | 30.9% | 2025 |
| 167 | Denmark | 27.4% | 29.9% | 2025 |
| 168 | Tonga | 26.9% | 31.7% | 2025 |
| 169 | Guatemala | 26.7% | 26.3% | 2025 |
| 170 | Luxembourg | 26.5% | 26.3% | 2025 |
| 171 | Cambodia | 25.5% | 26.1% | 2025 |
| 172 | Kazakhstan | 24.3% | 24.4% | 2025 |
| 173 | Estonia | 24.0% | 23.5% | 2025 |
| 174 | Turkey | 23.7% | 23.6% | 2025 |
| 175 | Samoa | 21.2% | 25.3% | 2025 |
| 176 | DR Congo | 20.4% | 17.3% | 2025 |
| 177 | Azerbaijan | 20.1% | 21.6% | 2025 |
| 178 | Tajikistan | 18.6% | 24.9% | 2025 |
| 179 | Puerto Rico (US) | 17.6% | 16.8% | 2025 |
| 180 | Russia | 16.6% | 14.8% | 2025 |
| 181 | Kuwait | 14.6% | 2.9% | 2025 |
| 182 | Timor-Leste | 13.3% | 13.6% | 2025 |
| 183 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 12.7% | 43.4% | 2024 |
| 184 | Haiti | 12.3% | 15.1% | 2025 |
| 185 | Naoero | 12.2% | 16.5% | 2025 |
| 186 | Hong Kong | 12.1% | 9.2% | 2025 |
| 187 | Marshall Islands | 8.8% | 14.3% | 2025 |
| 188 | Micronesia | 8.8% | 10.4% | 2025 |
| 189 | Kiribati | 8.0% | 8.9% | 2025 |
| 190 | Afghanistan | 7.6% | 8.9% | 2025 |
| 191 | Turkmenistan | 3.1% | 4.1% | 2025 |
| 192 | Tuvalu | 2.8% | 6.1% | 2025 |
| 193 | Brunei | 1.6% | 1.6% | 2025 |
| 194 | Liechtenstein | 0.5% | 0.5% | 2025 |
| 195 | Macao | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2025 |
Government Debt to GDP around the world — in simple words
Overview
Government Debt to GDP is available for 191 economies with recent data. The median value is 52.9% and the simple average is 59.8%.
Highest: Eritrea (260.4%), Japan (204.8%), Sudan (204.4%), Singapore (165.7%), Libya (153.8%).
Lowest: Macao (0.0%), Liechtenstein (0.5%), Brunei (1.6%), Tuvalu (2.8%), Turkmenistan (3.1%).
Major economies
Among the 19 major economies tracked here, Japan (204.8%) has the highest reading and Saudi Arabia (31.8%) the lowest. Their median is 93.3%.
Government Debt to GDP — Regional Medians
Median of the latest readings of countries in each World Bank region. The median is the middle value — half the countries are above it and half below.
| Region | Countries | Median |
|---|---|---|
| East Asia & Pacific | 31 | 40.9% |
| Europe & Central Asia | 51 | 46.9% |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 33 | 64.8% |
| Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan | 20 | 52.5% |
| North America | 2 | 119.0% |
| South Asia | 6 | 90.6% |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 48 | 53.1% |
Understanding Government Debt to GDP — a simple guide
What it measures
General government gross debt as a percentage of the country’s annual GDP.
How it is calculated
Total debt owed by all levels of government (central, state and local) at the end of the year ÷ the country’s GDP for that year × 100.
If a government owes 84 and the economy produces 100 in a year, government debt to GDP is 84%.
A higher ratio means a larger debt relative to the size of the economy. More of the budget may go to interest payments, and credit rating agencies watch the trend closely.
A lower ratio usually gives the government more room to borrow in a crisis.
Why it matters for the economy and markets
The ratio shows the size of public debt relative to the economy’s capacity to service it. It influences sovereign credit ratings, bond yields and the room governments have for fiscal support.
How to read it
There is no single safe level — countries borrowing in their own currency with deep domestic markets can sustain higher ratios. The trend, interest cost and growth rate matter as much as the level.
What to look at alongside it
The budget deficit, interest rates, GDP growth and credit ratings.
Key terms
- General government
- Central plus state and local governments together.
- Fiscal deficit
- When government spending is higher than its revenue.
- Debt sustainability
- Whether a government can keep servicing its debt without default.
How to use the chart
Use the 5Y / 10Y / 25Y / Max buttons to change the time range, or drag the slider under the chart. Hover (or tap) on the line to see the exact value for any period. Dashed lines and hatched bars are IMF projections, not actual data. The “Download CSV” button gives you the full data series.
Frequently asked questions
What does government debt to gdp measure?
Which country has the highest government debt to gdp?
Data are sourced from official international organisations (IMF, World Bank, BIS) and national authorities, and are shown for educational and informational purposes only. They are not investment advice and no recommendation is made. Figures may be revised by the source; IMF figures for the current and future years are projections. This page was last updated on Saturday, October 17, 2026.